Modern Egypt: Rulers- Baybars I, Mamluk sultan (1260–77) of Egypt and Syria
- Muhammad Ali, pasha of Egypt after 1805
- Ismail Pasha, ruler of Egypt (1863–79)
- Tewfik Pasha (Muhammad Tewfik), khedive of Egypt (1879–92)
- Abbas II, last khedive of Egypt (1892–1914)
- Fuad I (Ahmed Fuad Pasha), first king of modern Egypt (1922–36)
- Farouk, king of Egypt (1936–52)
- Gamal Abdal Nasser, Egyptian army officer and political leader, first president of the republic of Egypt (1956–70)
- Anwar al-Sadat, Egyptian political leader and president (1970–81)
- Muhammad Hosni Mubarak, president of Egypt (1981–)
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